• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Process for the manufacture of a component sample (12) from a welded metal component, characterized by the following process steps: - preparation of the metallic welded component, - insertion in a water jet cutting system (1), - cutting with water jet of a zone of the sample of the component, which contains at least in part a welding seam (11), in which the water jet cutting is carried out by means of sand added to the mixture, - extraction and optional investigation of the component sample (12) as metallurgical micrograph. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2707898A2
    申请号:ES201830884
    申请日:2018-09-12
    公开日:2019-04-05
    发明作者:Heiko Bier；Karsten Becker
    申请人:Benteler Maschinenbau GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Procedure for the manufacture of a component sample
    [0003]
    [0004] The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a component sample from a metallic component according to the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1.
    [0005]
    [0006] For quality control in series production and, in particular, in the manufacture of automobiles, verifications of the type of samples are carried out at random. To this end, there is quality control, which performs these checks. In particular, in welded components, welding seams manufactured in automated processes must be verified with respect to their quality. For this purpose, the component is cut into pieces and the texture is verified. For this, a metallurgical micrograph is produced in general. The metallurgical micrograph is produced, in particular, in the area of the weld seam.
    [0007]
    [0008] During the mechanical cutting into pieces, therefore, during the separation process, however, a thermal influence appears, which can sometimes falsify the actual state present in the component itself.
    [0009]
    [0010] It is known from DE 102011 054866 A1 to make a hole in an automotive component, which is produced by means of cutting with a jet of water.
    [0011]
    [0012] The problem of the present invention is to be able to investigate in a manufacturing process metallic components of the type of samples randomly and selectively locally by means of the extraction of samples of the component.
    [0013]
    [0014] The problem mentioned above is solved according to the invention with a method for manufacturing a component sample from a metal component, in particular a welded component, and particularly preferably a welded component, which is used as an automotive component. , according to the features of claim 1.
    [0015] Advantageous configuration variants of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
    [0016]
    [0017] The process for manufacturing a component sample from a metal component, in particular from a welded metal component and especially preferably from a welded component used as a car component, has the following steps of the method:
    [0018]
    [0019] • preparation of the metallic welded component,
    [0020]
    [0021] • insertion in a waterjet cutting installation,
    [0022]
    [0023] • waterjet cutting of an area of the component sample, which contains at least in part a weld seam, in which the water jet cutting is carried out by means of sand added to the mixture,
    [0024]
    [0025] • extraction and optional investigation of the component sample as metallurgical micrograph.
    [0026]
    [0027] Therefore, the present invention also relates to a water jet cutting installation and to a device for carrying out the process, respectively. This is configured in particular as a security cabin with a surrounding protective wall. The respective component can then be inserted into this protective wall and guided to individual stations, in particular to the water jet cutting device. In this, water jet cutting is performed through the addition of sand to the mixture. In this case, it is in particular abrasive sand. This makes it possible to separate the metallic material by cutting, in particular also metallic materials, which have higher strength properties. Components, in particular cardan components, are particularly preferably components of the mobile chassis, engine components, in particular eg exhaust manifolds, instrument panel holders, steering wheel, dampers and other components of the engine. bodywork. The structural components or also the components of the outer cladding are machined from metal alloys, preferably from steel alloys. Do not However, components of light metal alloys, for example of aluminum alloy, can be machined with the water jet cutting process according to the invention.
    [0028]
    [0029] For water jet cutting, a pressure of up to 600 MPa is used, to which the water is taken. A water nozzle, a mixing chamber and a focusing tube are located in a cutting head of the water jet system. At the water outlet from the water nozzle to the mixing chamber of a cutting head, the water outlet velocity is up to 1,000 m / s. In the mixing chamber the sand is now sucked by means of negative pressure. The negative pressure itself can be generated through the water outlet, but also separately. The sand is then mixed with the water jet. Through the focusing tube the jet is formed, which is made up of sand and water and forms a jet of abrasive water. The energy of the jet is concentrated and can be done focused on a separation layer.
    [0030]
    [0031] The cutting with water jet with the abrasive sand has the advantage that the metal material is cut very well, however at the same time hardly any heat input is generated or, on the other hand, in an insignificant amount on the edge of the edge. cut. In this way it is possible that the component sample manufactured with the method according to the invention can be subjected directly to an investigation without extensive treatment, in particular mechanical. This research is carried out, in particular, by virtue of a metallurgical micrograph. The following chemical etching is used for contrast elevation and for improved optical recognition of the penetration of the cutting surface.
    [0032]
    [0033] For chemical etching of steel samples, for example, a chemical etching agent from Adler can be used, therefore an etchant according to Adler. It may contain, for example, the following elements:
    [0034]
    [0035] Solution to:
    [0036]
    [0037] 3 g of ammonium chlorocuprate
    [0038]
    [0039] 25 ml of distilled water
    [0040] Solution B:
    [0041]
    [0042] 15 g of iron (III) chloride
    [0043]
    [0044] 50 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid
    [0045]
    [0046] After everything has been completely dissolved, solution B is added to A.
    [0047]
    [0048] In particular, in this case it is a macro chemical stripping agent. For an aluminum alloy component, for example, sodium hydroxide can be used.
    [0049]
    [0050] The etching agent can be applied by means of all the processes such as brush, dipping or spraying, in particular after cutting with a water jet and, therefore, without intermediate treatment.
    [0051]
    [0052] In addition, the waterjet cutting system is particularly preferably on a side opposite the component, in particular on a side placed below the component, a steel destroyer. This steel destroyer absorbs the residual energy of the abrasive jet consisting of sand and water. The steel destroyer is, in particular, a pool of water. The steel destroyer may, however, also have a concentrated absorption geometry, which moves in a synchronized manner to a movement of the abrasive water jet. The steel destroyer can be called, therefore, also receiver. Ceramic balls, which absorb and distribute energy, can be arranged inside the steel destroyer.
    [0053]
    [0054] In particular, relatively small component samples can be cut selectively in their geometric dimensions. For this purpose, the component samples preferably have a size of less than 50 by 50 mm. It has proven to be especially advantageous to sample rectangular shaped components in the cross section, which have a dimension on one side between 5 and 15 mm and on the other side between 15 and 25 mm. Particularly preferably, the component samples have a length per width of 10 by 20 mm.
    [0055] As an alternative to a rectangular configuration, the component sample is configured in the top plan view preferably according to the principle of a semicircle or half-moon. This means that it has two cutting edges, a straight cut edge as well as a rounded cutting edge. The straight cut edge later serves as the analysis surface, to perform metallurgical micrography research. An arc side, therefore a curved cutting edge, serves only for the separation of the component sample from the component. The two lateral or cutting edges are separated with different cutting qualities. A particularly high quality is required on the straight cutting edge. This means that the water jet for the cut is driven ahead with a slow feed rate. The bow itself is trimmed at high speed. In this way, the quality in the cutting edge itself is reduced. This edge of curved or bent cut serves, however, only for the separation of the component sample, so that an optimized cut-off time in the working time is used here.
    [0056]
    [0057] In particular, with the method according to the invention, metallic material with a sheet thickness or wall thickness can be cut, preferably from 0.5 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 mm. In accordance with the invention, adjacent double-layered components can also be trimmed relatively easily.
    [0058]
    [0059] In addition, a respective component sample is preferably marked. For this purpose, a respective component sample, in particular a relatively small component sample, is left first after the component trimming process. To this end, at least one rib remains, also called rupture rib. Therefore, this area is not cropped. In this way it is possible to separate by breaking the component sample after extracting the component therefrom. The component sample is therefore broken on the rib or is torn off from the component.
    [0060]
    [0061] In addition, the mark of the component mark itself is particularly preferably marked. For this purpose, a marking installation is provided in the device for water jet cutting. In particular, this is a laser tagging device. Before or after cutting the component sample, it can be applied, therefore, to the component sample itself or to the area, in which it is cut out then the component sample, a corresponding mark. This mark can present, for example, a component number, a component sample number and / or a date. Another advantageous effect is that the mark, which is applied superficially with laser in the component, is not falsified or becomes illegible through cutting with a water jet. Samples of components that have been cut out or subsequently torn off can therefore be identified unequivocally.
    [0062]
    [0063] Within the water jet cutting installation, for example, an industrial robot can be provided, which receives an inserted component, transfers it to a marking device and then transfers it to the water jet cut itself and after Perform the cutting process with water jet, transfer it to a transfer station. The industrial robot can then guide the component under the water jet, so that the corresponding cutting geometry is generated through the water jet. However, a separate manipulator can also be provided, which drives the water jet or, in particular, drives the focusing tube of the water jet and thus generates the geometry to be cut out. A manipulator can also be provided, which drives the component relative to the water jet.
    [0064]
    [0065] Other advantages, features, properties and aspects of the present invention are object of the following description. Preferred configuration variants are represented in the schematic figures. These serve for the simple understanding of the invention.
    [0066]
    [0067] Figure 1 shows a water jet cutting installation according to the invention.
    [0068]
    [0069] Figure 2 shows a partial fragment of a welded component with three component samples arranged adjacent parallel to each other.
    [0070]
    [0071] Figure 3 shows a top plan view on a component sample with a geometry as a semicircle.
    [0072]
    [0073] In the figures, the same reference signs are used for the same or similar components, although a repeated description is deleted for reasons of simplification.
    [0074] Figure 1 shows a top plan view of a water jet cutting installation 1 according to the invention. This is surrounded by a protective wall 2, so that an application rigger 3 is powered by the water jet cutting system. Here, a component 4 can be transferred via a feed device 5 or an insertion device, for example a change box, into which the water jet cutting system 1 is inserted or transferred.
    [0075]
    [0076] In the waterjet cutting system 1, an industrial robot 6 is additionally arranged, which grips the component and transfers it, for example, to a laser system with a laser marking device 7. In addition, a device is present. of cutting with water jet 8 autonomous as well, for example, a pool of water 9 arranged below in operation.
    [0077]
    [0078] The component 4 to be cut can then be arranged above the water pool 9 and the water jet cutting device 8 can be moved by means of a manipulator and can carry out the cutting process on the water pool 9.
    [0079]
    [0080] In addition, an extraction device 10 is present, on which the component can be placed, in which the cutting process has been carried out and can then be extracted outside the water jet cutting system 1.
    [0081]
    [0082] Figure 2 shows a partial fragment of a component 4 of this type. This is manufactured as a welded component from a first component 4.1 as well as a second component 4.2, which are coupled together by means of a welding seam 11. In this component three parallel component samples 12 are now manufactured adjacent to each other by means of clipping. The component samples 12 are essentially rectangular in plan view and have a height H x width B. The welding seam 11 extends in the longitudinal direction L, the component samples 12 are cut transversely to the welding seam 11. However, the component samples 12 can also be configured as shown in Figure 3.
    [0083]
    [0084] A recess 13 then remains in the component 4. Between the recess 13 and the component sample 12 cut off first, a surrounding gap 14 appears. In contrast to a respective component sample 12, a break rib remains. protruding on the front side 16 of the component sample 12. In this way, the component sample 12 remains first in the component 4. In the sample of the central component 12, shown on the image plane, which is still in the component, the breaking rib 15 is connected continuously to the component. In the sample of right and left component 12, with respect to the plane of the image, the breaking rib 15 is detached by pulling the sample of component 12 out of the component.
    [0085]
    [0086] The component sample 12 shown on the right side of the image shows a top plan view. The second component 4.2 overlaps in this case, in part, the first component 4.1, so that the first 4.1 and the second 4.2 components form in the upper zone of the sample of component 12 a double layer and are coupled by continuity of the material between yes by means of welding seam 11. Through the water jet cutting, the double layer can also be separated here without problems. On the right plane of the image as well as on the component sample 12 in component 4, a labeling 17 is also shown, which is applied, for example, by means of laser marking on the sample of component 12. The labeling 17 is also applied to the other samples of component 12, but here with another labeling number. In particular, laser labeling offers the possibility of identifying the component sample 12 with different data in a freely optional manner.
    [0087]
    [0088] In particular, with the method according to the invention, wall thicknesses 18 of 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably of 1 to 3 mm, are removed by cutting without problems. Also in the area of a double layer.
    [0089]
    [0090] Figure 3 shows an alternative geometry of a sample of trimmed component 12. This presents the outer contour of a semicircle or half moon. this offers according to the invention the advantage that two different cutting edges 19, 20 are manufactured. A straight cut edge 19 can be manufactured with high precision. This means that the speed of advance of the jet of water for cutting is here rather slow. This straight cut edge 19 can be used to subsequently carry out the analysis of the component sample 12. A rounded cutting edge 20, represented here in a semicircular manner, can instead be manufactured with smaller precision or quality in the cutting edge. This means that the forward speed of the water jet to cut is here especially high. The quality of the cutting edge itself does not have to present a high precision and only serves for the separation of the sample of component 12 from the component. In addition, the breaking rib 15 is formed on the rounded cutting edge 20, with which the component sample 12 remains after cutting first in the component itself and can then be separated by breaking. A weld seam, which extends, for example, transversely over the component sample 12, is not shown in detail. The semicircle does not have to be configured with a surrounding angle of 180 °. The semicircle can have a variable radius or can also extend over an angular area of less than 180 °, so that it would be configured semicircularly or in the form of a circular section.
    [0091]
    [0092] List of reference signs
    [0093]
    [0094] 1 - Installation of cutting with water jet
    [0095]
    [0096] 2 - Protection wall
    [0097]
    [0098] 3 - Editor
    [0099]
    [0100] 4.1 - First component
    [0101]
    [0102] 4.2 - Second component
    [0103]
    [0104] 5 - Feeding device
    [0105]
    [0106] 6 - Industrial robot
    [0107]
    [0108] 7 - Laser marking device
    [0109]
    [0110] 8 - Cutting device with water jet
    [0111]
    [0112] 9 - Water pool
    [0113] 10 - Extraction device 11 - Welding seam
    [0114] 12 - Sample component 13 - Rebaje
    [0115] 14 - Interstice
    [0116] 15 - Rupture rib
    [0117] 16 - Front side to 12
    [0118] 17 - Lettering
    [0119] 18 - Wall thickness
    [0120] 19 - Straight cut edge
    [0121] 20 - Rounded cut edge B - Width
    [0122] H - Height
    [0123] L - Longitudinal direction
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. - Process for the manufacture of a component sample (12) from a metal component, in particular a welded component, preferably from a car component, characterized by the following steps of the process:
    • preparation of the metallic welded component,
    • insertion in a water jet cutting installation (1),
    • cutting with water jet of a zone of the sample of the component, which contains at least in part a welding seam (11), in which the water jet cutting is carried out by means of sand added to the mixture,
    • extraction and optional investigation of the component sample as metallurgical micrograph.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component sample (12) is chemically etched after cutting with a water jet.
    [3]
    Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that around the area of the component sample (12) a recess (13) is generated, in which a rib remains in the form of a rib. break (15) and is not trimmed, so that the component sample (12) can be separated by breaking from the welded component at a later time.
    [4]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the component sample (12) or the zone of the component sample (12) is marked before or after cutting with water jet, in particular by means of laser marking.
    [5]
    Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an industrial robot (6) is arranged in the water jet cutting system (1), which receives the welded component, moves inside the cutting installation with water jet and is optionally conducted below the water jet.
    [6]
    6. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a manipulator is present, which moves the water jet for cutting with a water jet.
    [7]
    7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that several component samples (12) are generated in a welded component, in particular parallel adjacent to each other.
    [8]
    8. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the weld seams, extending in a longitudinal direction, the component sample (12) extends in particular transversely to the weld seam (11). ).
    [9]
    9. - Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a component sample (12) is formed rectangular in top plan view and preferably (12) has a size of 5 to 15 mm per 15 to 20 mm, in particular 10 by 20 mm or because the component sample (12) is formed in a semicircular shape in top plan view.
    [10]
    10. - Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rib is configured on a front side (16), so that the rib is preferably configured so that it protrudes above the front side (16).
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    引用文献:
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    DE4426436C2|1994-07-26|2001-09-20|Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag|Method for determining the most suitable welding parameters for spot welding sheet metal parts|
    DE102008022265A1|2008-05-06|2009-01-29|Daimler Ag|Welding sample i.e. welding lens, gathering device for e.g. microscopic quality testing, of body construction unit, has punching tool punching samples acquired by image acquisition device, where tool includes die with position markings|
    US8538697B2|2009-06-22|2013-09-17|Mark C. Russell|Core sample preparation, analysis, and virtual presentation|
    DE102011078076A1|2011-06-24|2012-12-27|Dürr Ecoclean GmbH|Nozzle module and cleaning device with nozzle module|
    DE102011054866A1|2011-10-27|2013-05-02|Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh|Preparing hot-formed and press-hardened motor vehicle body component, comprises processing metal sheet circuit board from curable sheet steel in hot-forming and press-hardening tool, and forming area in circuit board as embossing region|
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    DE102015006638A1|2015-05-22|2015-12-10|Daimler Ag|Test specimens and method for testing chemical and / or mechanical properties|
    US10596717B2|2015-07-13|2020-03-24|Flow International Corporation|Methods of cutting fiber reinforced polymer composite workpieces with a pure waterjet|
    CN106289855A|2016-08-26|2017-01-04|北京星航机电装备有限公司|Brazing metal honeycomb texture welding quality metallographic detection method|CN111185854A|2020-01-20|2020-05-22|武汉科技大学|Spark spectrum analysis surface water jet cutting method|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017121203.5A|DE102017121203B3|2017-09-13|2017-09-13|Method for producing a component sample|
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